Which type of deliberate threat is characterized by targeting specific individuals through research and custom attacks?

The type of deliberate threat characterized by targeting specific individuals through research and custom attacks is indeed targeted threats. Targeted threats are executed by adversaries who have a specific individual, organization, or entity in mind. These attackers conduct extensive research to gather information that allows them to tailor their approach effectively, thereby increasing the likelihood of success. This can involve personal details, professional roles, and specific vulnerabilities of the target, making these attacks more sophisticated and potentially more damaging.

In contrast, opportunistic threats are not focused on specific individuals or entities; rather, they are carried out when attackers exploit vulnerabilities without prior research. Generic threats tend to apply broadly and are not customized for specific targets, which means they lack the precision and intentionality associated with targeted threats. Managed threats refer to organized efforts to mitigate risks and do not describe the nature of an attack aimed specifically at individuals. Therefore, targeted is the most accurate descriptor for this type of threat.