What does Cognitive Bias refer to?

Cognitive bias refers to systematic patterns of thinking that deviate from norm or rationality in judgment. Such biases are often considered shortcuts that the human brain takes to make quicker decisions, which can lead to misinterpretations or conclusions that are not fully aligned with reality. This concept encompasses various heuristics that simplify the complex process of decision-making.

The choice indicating that it is "a shortcut hardwired in the brain" captures the essence of cognitive bias effectively, as these biases are often automatic and arise from the brain's reliance on established pathways to process information quickly. This is particularly common in situations where individuals have to make quick judgments or decisions with limited information, leading to the use of mental shortcuts that can be flawed or oversimplified.

While the other choices reflect important concepts, they do not encapsulate the primary nature of cognitive bias as accurately as the selected answer does. For example, logical reasoning errors and methods for improving decision-making do not inherently capture the intuitive and often unconscious nature of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases influence how information is interpreted rather than just presenting them as errors or as a method to enhance decision-making.